Comparative evaluation of static and dynamic 4D dose recalculations in pencil beam scanning proton therapy for oesophageal cancer
Protocol-based static 4DDC tended to overestimate target coverage robustness to respiratory motion. Although differences were minor in most cases, patients with large motion can have significant discrepancies, underscoring the importance of implementing dynamic 4DDC in PBS proton planning for esophageal cancer.
Jan 1, 2026
